Many terms are to be added yet after I can find them in my scattered notebooks.
Latina.
auceps: > avis capere ("catching birds") : an eavesdropper.
lucubrare: to study by lamplight, to work by night (we have "lucubrate" in English).
mala aetas: "the bad period, age", old age.
bidental: a place struck by lightning, thought to be sacred.
ignea rima: "the fiery rents", said of lightning conceived to be cracks of light in the clouds.
vapulare: perhaps my favorite word in Latin. Though active, means 'to be flogged or beaten'. I always think 'to get whapped'.
[There is a long list of fascinating animal sounds in a fragment of Plutarch, De Naturis Animantium. I include my favorites.]
minurirre: the chirping sound made by the smallest of birds.
gliccire vel sclingere: the sound of a goose.
Graeca.
ἀρχιπειράτης (archipeirátēs): a pirate chief, an "arch-pirate."
φθέγγεσθαι (phthéggesthai): to make a sound, utter.
εὐάνθεμος φυά (euánthemos phuá): youth, the "well blooming life".
πομπαĩος οὔρος (pompaĩos oúros): a favorable wind, a "sending wind".
κελαδεĩν (keladeĩn): to sound as running water.
ἐρήμας δι᾽ αἰθέρος (erēmas di' aithéros): through the desolate air.
πολύμηλος (polúmēlos): abounding in sheep.
ἔτυμος (étumos): both true and natural.
ῥίπτειν (rhíptein): to snatch up.
ἱπποδάσεια (hippodáseia): bushy with horse hair (said in Homer of a helmet).
δολιχόσκιος (dolichóskios): having a long shadow (said in Homer of a spear).
νυστάζοντες ἐγειρόμενοι (nustázontes egeirómenoi): "sleepy people being woken up".
νυστάζοντε ἐγειρόμενω (nustázonte egeirómenō): "two sleepy chaps being woken up".
θεοὶ ῥεία ζωόντες (theoí rheía zōóntes): the gods who live in ease, who live 'flowingly'.
μελίφρων (melíphrōn): like honey to the mind.
τυραννοδιδάσκαλος (tyrannodidáskalos): one who serves as tutor to a tyrant. Perhaps Seneca (so Dio 61. 10, 2), even if unwillingly, to Nero.
ἴουλοι (íouloi): in the plural, refers to the first growth of beard, especially referring the whiskers surrounding the face. It refers also to the pill-bug.
παπταίνω (paptaínō): to look around oneself sharply, curiously, or in alarm.
ἀντεραστής (anterastēs): one's competitor in love.
θυόειν (thuóein): to fill with a sweet smell.
Sinensis.
眼神 (yăn shén): the expression in one's eyes.
松濤 : the sound of wind blowing in the pine trees.
早霞，晚霞: (zăo xía, wăn xía): the clouds when lit by the sun in the morning/evening.
霽(jì): the clouds around the moon.
電影 (diàn yǐng): Movie. A common word, but very poetic: it literally means "electric shadow".
去見馬克思 (qù jiàn Mǎkèsī): to die, lit. "to go see Marx".
殉情 (xùn qíng): to die for love. (殉 is a very productive element, indicating "to die for X". Hence 殉國, to die for one's country; 殉難, to die for a good cause; 殉職, to die while doing one's duty).
PLUVIALIA.
聽雨軒 (tīng yŭ xuān): a pavilion built specially for listening to the rain; a "listening-to-rain pavilion". One finds them esp. in old enclosed gardens. Banana plants are grown outside the windows, that one may appreciate the rain's pattering on their leaves.
雨絲 (yŭ sī): a fine drizzle. The sī refers to a silk thread, hence 'rain as fine as the silk thread'.
細雨 (xì yǔ): a fine drizzle. The xì means simply 'fine', esp. of granulated things', but also of slender things, delicate things. The pictographic element of the character (糸) is of silk.
濛濛細雨 (méng méng xì yǔ): This is not a lexeme, but merely a combination of an adj. and a noun. Still, as so often in Chinese, the four characters denote a fairly fixed idea in a set phrase. 濛濛 refers to something misty, the underlying idea being 'blindness' or 'indistinctness'. Hence a misty sort of rain the makes it hard to see.
愁 (choú): Gloomy, melancholic; anxious, worried. It comes from the combination of heart (心) and Fall (秋). Probably the 'Fall' element is primarily for pronunciation, but it grants the extended meaning to the character of "to take Fall to heart" (把秋放在心上). The Chinese lexicographers seem to think this is meant to refer to the worry one feels for the result of his toil, viz. of the crops in the Fall. I like to think that it might be connected with melancholy: black bile abounds in Fall.
陣亡 (zhèn wáng): To die in battle
酒量 (jiǔ liàng): The amount of alcohol one can drink while still acting sober.
English.
drizzle
horror
misprint (to my mind, the finest sounding word in our language for its consonants and the required mouth shape)
crump: "To eat with an abrupt but somewhat dulled sound; applied esp. to horses and pigs when feeding" (s.v. OED 1), or the sound of the snow crushed under one's feet (OED 2).
crunkle: the sound that a crane makes.
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